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Animals Respiratory System - In addition to humans, animals also have respiratory system. Respiratory organs in Invertebrate animals and Vertebrates are different. Invertebrates animals don't have a special respiratory system so still using diffusion respiration likes Sponges, Coelenterata, and Vermes. Vertebrates animals have a special respiratory system like pisces with gills, mammals with lungs, amphibia with skin, reptile with lungs, and fowl with lungs and air sacs. More information about it, click invertebrate and vertebrate
A. Invertebrate
2. Molluscs
Molluscs based habitat is divided into two, water molluscs and terrestrial molluscs. Water molluscs and terrestrial molluscs have different respiratory organs. Water molluscs such as water snails, squid, and scallops breathe using gills. Meanwhile, terrestrial molluscs such us snails breathe using lungs. More information about molluscs, click here
3. Insect
Respiratory organs of insects are trachea. Insect tracheal system consists of spiracles, tracheal vessels, and trakeolus. Air enters through spiracles which located on each body segment. Then air into the trachea vessels and the air duct to trakeolus. In trakeolus, the air exchange by diffusion. Oxygen into the body cells, carbon dioxide into the trakeolus. Then the carbon dioxide to the tracheal vessels and removed through the spiracles.
4. Spiders (Arachnids) and Scorpio (Scorpionida)
Respiratory organs of spiders and scorpio are book lungs. Book lung on spider located inside a ventral abdominal. Book lung has many lamella that arranged in parallel and separated by a rod. Outside air enters the spider's body through the spiracles by diffusion. Furthermore, air enters between lamella cells and diffuses into the blood vessels around the lamella. Then the air is removed through spiracles.
1. Pisces
Respiratory organs of pisces are gills. Gill consists of a thin sheet of pink. each sheet consisting of a pair of filaments. Each filament containing many lamella. In filament, there are many blood vessels that have a lot of blood capillaries therefore the process of diffusion can be maximum.
Pisces respiration through two stages, that is inspiration and expiration. Water enters the oral cavity and then forwarded to the gills. Oxygen will change with carbon dioxide in the gills by diffusion. After that, the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water will be removed through the gill slits.
2. Frog
Young frogs breathe using gills. as an adult, frogs breathe using membranes of the oral cavity, skin, and lungs.
a) Membranes of the oral cavity
When there is movement of the oral cavity and pharynx, nostrils open and
closed glottis, so that the incoming air in the oral cavity and diffuses through
the thin membranes of the oral cavity.
b) Skin
Frog has a thin skin, moist, and contains many blood capillaries. Oxygen will be
transported to the heart through the pulmonary vein cutanea and distributed
throughout the body. Carbon dioxide from the tissues will be transported to heart,
then pumped to the skin and lungs through the pulmonary artery cutanea.
c) Lungs
Frog respiratory include inspiration and expiration process that takes place
when the mouth is closed.
1) Inspiration
Sternohioideus muscle contractions so that the oral cavity increases.
Consequently, the oxygen entering through the nose slit (koana). When koana
closing, submandibular muscles and geniohioideus muscle contraction so that
the oral cavity decreased. Consequently, oxygen is pushed to the lungs. In lung,
occurs gas exchange by diffusion.
2) Expiration
Lower jaw muscle relaxation, while the abdominal muscles and sternohioideus
muscles contraction. Consequently, the lungs decreased so the air moves into
the oral cavity. Furthermore, koana open while throat slit closing so that the
muscles of the lower jaw and muscle geniohiodieus contraction. Consequently,
oral cavity decreased and the air is pushed out through koana.
3. Reptile
In general, respiratory organs of reptile are lungs. O2 gas enters through the nostrils and then forwarded to the oral cavity, the uvula, trachea, bronchioles and lungs. From the lungs, O2 is transported to tissues throughout the body along with the blood. From the body tissues, CO2 is transported to the heart for exhaled through the lungs, and then bronchial, tracheal, uvula, mouth and nostrils. In reptiles that live in the water, the nostrils can be closed when diving.
4. Aves
Respiratory organs of aves are lungs. Air enters through the nostrils which located near the base of the beak. In addition to lungs, birds also have four pairs of air sacs (saccus pneumaticus) that functions as follows :
- Help the bird respiration, especially at a time to fly, because it saves a backup oxygen.
- Help maintain bodies temperature to prevent excessive loss of bodies heat.
- Help relieve the body of the bird when flying
- Help amplify the sound of birds when twittering
Respiratory mechanism in aves as follows :
A. Respiration when not fly
1) Inspiration
Rib muscle contraction so that the chest cavity enlarges. The lungs also expands. As a result, the air enter to the lungs and air sacs.
2) Expiration
Chest cavity lungs shrink so the lung's pressure is bigger than the the lung's pressure outside. Consequently, the air out of the lungs. Along with shrinking the chest cavity, the air from the air sacs enter the lungs. So, oxygen uptake at the bird is done at this stage of inspiration and expiration.
B. Respiration when fly
1) Inspiration
When the wings are raised, the air sacs in the armpit expands. Meanwhile, the air sacs in the korakoid bone wedged so that air enter the lungs.
2) Expiration
When the wing is closed, the air sacs in the armpit wedged. Meanwhile, the air sacs in the korakoid bone expands so that the air out of the lungs.
The higher the birds fly, the faster the bird flapping its wings to get a lot of oxygen.
A. Invertebrate
Image Invertebrate Animals
- Worms ( Vermes )
2. Molluscs
Molluscs based habitat is divided into two, water molluscs and terrestrial molluscs. Water molluscs and terrestrial molluscs have different respiratory organs. Water molluscs such as water snails, squid, and scallops breathe using gills. Meanwhile, terrestrial molluscs such us snails breathe using lungs. More information about molluscs, click here
3. Insect
Respiratory organs of insects are trachea. Insect tracheal system consists of spiracles, tracheal vessels, and trakeolus. Air enters through spiracles which located on each body segment. Then air into the trachea vessels and the air duct to trakeolus. In trakeolus, the air exchange by diffusion. Oxygen into the body cells, carbon dioxide into the trakeolus. Then the carbon dioxide to the tracheal vessels and removed through the spiracles.
4. Spiders (Arachnids) and Scorpio (Scorpionida)
Respiratory organs of spiders and scorpio are book lungs. Book lung on spider located inside a ventral abdominal. Book lung has many lamella that arranged in parallel and separated by a rod. Outside air enters the spider's body through the spiracles by diffusion. Furthermore, air enters between lamella cells and diffuses into the blood vessels around the lamella. Then the air is removed through spiracles.
B. Vertebrate
 |
| Image Vertebrate Animals |
Respiratory organs of pisces are gills. Gill consists of a thin sheet of pink. each sheet consisting of a pair of filaments. Each filament containing many lamella. In filament, there are many blood vessels that have a lot of blood capillaries therefore the process of diffusion can be maximum.
Pisces respiration through two stages, that is inspiration and expiration. Water enters the oral cavity and then forwarded to the gills. Oxygen will change with carbon dioxide in the gills by diffusion. After that, the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water will be removed through the gill slits.
2. Frog
Young frogs breathe using gills. as an adult, frogs breathe using membranes of the oral cavity, skin, and lungs.
a) Membranes of the oral cavity
When there is movement of the oral cavity and pharynx, nostrils open and
closed glottis, so that the incoming air in the oral cavity and diffuses through
the thin membranes of the oral cavity.
b) Skin
Frog has a thin skin, moist, and contains many blood capillaries. Oxygen will be
transported to the heart through the pulmonary vein cutanea and distributed
throughout the body. Carbon dioxide from the tissues will be transported to heart,
then pumped to the skin and lungs through the pulmonary artery cutanea.
c) Lungs
Frog respiratory include inspiration and expiration process that takes place
when the mouth is closed.
1) Inspiration
Sternohioideus muscle contractions so that the oral cavity increases.
Consequently, the oxygen entering through the nose slit (koana). When koana
closing, submandibular muscles and geniohioideus muscle contraction so that
the oral cavity decreased. Consequently, oxygen is pushed to the lungs. In lung,
occurs gas exchange by diffusion.
2) Expiration
Lower jaw muscle relaxation, while the abdominal muscles and sternohioideus
muscles contraction. Consequently, the lungs decreased so the air moves into
the oral cavity. Furthermore, koana open while throat slit closing so that the
muscles of the lower jaw and muscle geniohiodieus contraction. Consequently,
oral cavity decreased and the air is pushed out through koana.
In general, respiratory organs of reptile are lungs. O2 gas enters through the nostrils and then forwarded to the oral cavity, the uvula, trachea, bronchioles and lungs. From the lungs, O2 is transported to tissues throughout the body along with the blood. From the body tissues, CO2 is transported to the heart for exhaled through the lungs, and then bronchial, tracheal, uvula, mouth and nostrils. In reptiles that live in the water, the nostrils can be closed when diving.
4. Aves
Respiratory organs of aves are lungs. Air enters through the nostrils which located near the base of the beak. In addition to lungs, birds also have four pairs of air sacs (saccus pneumaticus) that functions as follows :
- Help the bird respiration, especially at a time to fly, because it saves a backup oxygen.
- Help maintain bodies temperature to prevent excessive loss of bodies heat.
- Help relieve the body of the bird when flying
- Help amplify the sound of birds when twittering
Respiratory mechanism in aves as follows :
A. Respiration when not fly
1) Inspiration
Rib muscle contraction so that the chest cavity enlarges. The lungs also expands. As a result, the air enter to the lungs and air sacs.
2) Expiration
Chest cavity lungs shrink so the lung's pressure is bigger than the the lung's pressure outside. Consequently, the air out of the lungs. Along with shrinking the chest cavity, the air from the air sacs enter the lungs. So, oxygen uptake at the bird is done at this stage of inspiration and expiration.
B. Respiration when fly
1) Inspiration
When the wings are raised, the air sacs in the armpit expands. Meanwhile, the air sacs in the korakoid bone wedged so that air enter the lungs.
2) Expiration
When the wing is closed, the air sacs in the armpit wedged. Meanwhile, the air sacs in the korakoid bone expands so that the air out of the lungs.
The higher the birds fly, the faster the bird flapping its wings to get a lot of oxygen.
